Heterologous mammalian expression systems for investigating the properties of metabotropic glutamate receptors.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Introduction The amino acid ],-glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Through its interaction with a broad variety of receptors present at the surface of responding cells, 1.-glutamate has been proposed to be involved in learning activity and memory acquisition, but also in neurotoxicity and diverse neurological disorders. Distinct families of glutamate receptors have been identified and these are either directly coupled to changes in cation conductance (ionotropic receptors) or to GTP-binding proteins (metabotropic receptors) (reviewed in [ 11). Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGlu receptors) are involved in triggering the immediate actions of released glutamate at the postsynaptic neuron. Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are involved in the control of glutamatergic neurotransmission through the modulation of glutamate release at a presynaptic level and its actions at a postsynaptic level, and therefore have been proposed to have important regulatory roles in synaptic plasticity and neuronal excitability [l]. In the central nervous system, the nature of glutamate transmission is dependent on the combinations of these different subtypes of receptors at the synapse [2]. Although the physiological activities of mGlu receptors seem to be restricted to the central nervous system, a substantial proportion of the information currently accruing on mGlu receptor function is derived from experiments performed in heterologous expression systems, which often utilize non-neuronal mammalian cell models. This review provides an overview of the informa-
منابع مشابه
Metabotropic glutamate receptors and their ligands applications in neurological and psychiatric disorders
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) consist of a large family of G-protein coupled receptors that are critical for regulating normal neuronal function in the central nervous system. The wide distribution and diverse physiological roles of various mGluR subtypes make them highly attractive targets for the treatment of a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The discovery of ...
متن کامل(S)- 3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine )an agonist for group I metabotropic glutamate receptors( induced synaptic potentiation at excitatory synapses on fast spiking GABAergic cells in visual cortex
Introduction: (S)- 3,5-Dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) is an agonist for group I metabotropic glutamate receptors. DHPG-induced synaptic depression of excitatory synapses on hippocampal pyramidal neurons is well known model for synaptic plasticity studies. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of DHPG superfusion on excitatory synapses on pyramidal and fast-spiking GABAergic cel...
متن کاملP6: Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Dependent Role in the Formation of Long-Term Potentiation
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a reflection of synaptic plasticity that induced by specific patterns of synaptic activity and has an important role in learning and memory. The first clue of the potential role of glutamate receptors in LTP was in 1991 with the observation that the mGluR agonists 1-amino-1, 3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (ACPD), increased LTP. Studies have shown that ACPD induc...
متن کاملIonotropic Glutamate Receptors and their Role in Neurological Diseases
Glutamate is extensively and relatively uniformly distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and its effects mediated by two distinct groups of receptors including Ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Concentration of glutamate in the nervous system is much higher than in other tissues. Glutamate receptors play an important role in synaptic transmission, neural plasticity and n...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Biochemical Society transactions
دوره 27 2 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1999